The financial situation of Indian states and economic imbalance due to electoral promises

SWAMI DIVYA GYAN

The financial situation of Indian states is facing a severe challenge today. Pressured by the need to fulfill electoral promises, state governments are often forced to take on increasing amounts of debt. These promises usually include free services, subsidies, and other populist schemes, which place a heavy financial burden on state economies. In such a scenario, state governments frequently resort to increasing taxes to augment their revenues, which in turn imposes a greater tax burden on the public. In this article, we will analyze the financial status of states, their debt levels, and the reasons behind the rising tax burden on the public, along with exploring possible solutions.

Electoral promises and their financial challenges

Electoral promises have become an integral part of Indian politics. During election seasons, political parties make promises that are often far from economic reality. These promises include free electricity, water, education, healthcare, and many other benefits. While these promises may provide immediate relief to the public, their long-term financial impact weighs heavily on the state’s economy.

For example, in Punjab, during the last elections, a promise was made to provide free electricity. To fulfill this promise, the state government had to offer large subsidies, which weakened the state’s financial situation. Similarly, in Uttar Pradesh, announcements of free rations and other services created a financial strain on the state treasury.

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An analysis of State Debt

To fulfill electoral promises, state governments often resort to borrowing. However, this increasing debt gradually destabilizes the financial condition of the states. Below is a breakdown of various states’ debt-to-GSDP ratios:

– Arunachal Pradesh 49.2%

– Himachal Pradesh: 48.3%

– Punjab: 37.8%

– Mizoram: 37.8%

– Meghalaya: 38.6%

– West Bengal: 37.1%

– Rajasthan: 36.8%

– Kerala: 36.6%

– Nagaland: 34.4%

– *Manipur*: 34.1%

– Bihar: 35.7%

– Andhra Pradesh: 33.3%

– Goa: 32.2%

– Sikkim: 31.5%

– Uttar Pradesh: 31.7%

– Madhya Pradesh: 30.4%

– Puducherry: 29.3%

– Tripura: 29.4%

– Uttarakhand: 28.2%

– Jharkhand: 27.0%

– Chhattisgarh: 25.0%

– Tamil Nadu: 25.6%

– Assam: 24.4%

– Telangana: 23.8%

– Karnataka: 23.0%

– Gujarat: 15.3%

– Odisha: 13.1%

– Maharashtra: 18.2%

– Delhi (NCT): 10.2%

Tax burden on the public

In order to stabilize their financial conditions, state governments often increase tax rates. This places the heaviest burden on the common people. The rise in tax rates directly impacts the prices of everyday goods and services, leading to an increase in the cost of living.

Need for better financial management

There is an urgent need for a solid financial management system to improve the financial status of the states. First and foremost, states must exercise fiscal responsibility when announcing electoral promises. Rather than focusing on populist schemes, governments should concentrate on long-term development plans. Additionally, state governments should enhance transparency and accountability in their spending.

Responsibility of political parties

Political parties making electoral promises must also take responsibility. It is essential to keep a long-term economic perspective in mind when making promises to benefit the public. Political parties need to understand that if the financial situation of a state weakens, it directly affects the people.

Conclusion

The current financial situation of Indian states is facing a serious challenge. The debt taken by state governments to fulfill electoral promises and the growing tax burden on the public to stabilize their financial position are both matters of concern. To address this situation, state governments and political parties must focus on fiscal responsibility and long-term development plans.

Sources

1. [Reserve Bank of India – State Finances](https://www.rbi.org.in)

2. [Forbes India – Debt-to-GDP Ratio of Indian States in 2024](https://www.forbesindia.com)

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